agonist me-s-adp  (Tocris)

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Mechano-crosstalk between living and artificial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63581-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Scheme of the process leading to Art-P cell construction. Pam3CSK4 is covalently attached to the membrane before template removal. SA is subsequently trapped inside to adjust rigidity. b Surface roughness plots of soft, medium, and rigid air-dried polysaccharidosomes before (blue) and after (yellow) Pam3CSK4 attachment (data are mean ± s.d. from each field (n); ≥50 artificial cells; n = 24 for soft, 19 for medium, and 23 for rigid polysaccharidosomes; n = 40 for soft, 34 for medium, 29 for rigid Art-P cells). ns P > 0.05, **** P < 0.0001. c Confocal microscopy images of Art-P cells following surface functionalization of polysaccharidosome membrane (green) with TLR agonist (Pam3CSK4, purple, labeled by 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate salt (DiD)). Scale bars = 10 µm. d AFM images of air-dried soft, medium, and rigid Art-P cells (scale bars = 10 µm). e Plots showing relative fold increase of the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α; chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 4, CCL4; interleukin 1β, IL-1β; inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) by macrophages incubated with Art-P cells relative to the control sample (PBS) as analyzed by RT-qPCR, three biological replicates. f Plots showing the percentage of CD86 positive macrophages (four biological replicates), **** P < 0.0001, and g NO 2 - concentration in culture medium from macrophages that are co-cultured with PBS or Art-P cells (PBS, seven biological replicates; Art-P cell groups, eight biological replicates), **** P < 0.0001. h Mean fluorescence intensity of RITC-phalloidin labeled F-actin of macrophages (four biological replicates), and i quantification of actin anisotropy after co-culture with PBS or Art-P cells ( n = 25 for PBS, 44 for soft, 29 for medium, and 34 for rigid, three biological replicates). For e – i , data are mean ± s.d. j Confocal microscopy images of macrophage (blue) F-actin (red) morphology after co-culture with PBS or Art-P cells (scale bars = 10 µm). In b , e–i significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The as-prepared HA-NH 2 coated templates were modified by toll-like receptor 1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 (N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-[R]-cysteinyl-[S]-seryl-[S]-lysyl-[S]-lysyl-[S]-lysyl-[S]-lysine, InvivoGen) before being incubated with EDTA.

Techniques: Membrane, Confocal Microscopy, Labeling, Gene Expression, Incubation, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Concentration Assay, Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Co-Culture Assay, Comparison

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Psilocin, the Psychoactive Metabolite of Psilocybin, Modulates Select Neuroimmune Functions of Microglial Cells in a 5-HT 2 Receptor-Dependent Manner

doi: 10.3390/molecules29215084

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of psilocin, 25I-NBOH, and Ro60-0175 on ROS generation by HL-60 human microglia-like cells and their viability. Varying concentrations of psilocin, 25I-NBOH, or Ro60-0175, shown on the abscissa, were added to differentiated HL-60 cells 20 min prior to their priming with LPS for 24 h. The respiratory burst response was induced by fMLP, and CHL was measured to quantify ROS production ( A – C ). The viability of HL-60 cells in separate wells was measured by the MTT assay ( D – F ). The dashed line represents the mean baseline CHL signal from unprimed but fMLP-stimulated cells. Data from 6 to 7 experiments completed on different days are shown as means ± SEM. p and F values displayed in the figures were calculated using randomized block one-way ANOVA. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 according to Dunnett’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: The 5-HT 2 R agonists (S)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-propanamine (Ro60-0175; 29520) and 2-((2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamino)methyl)phenol (25I-NBOH; 14909) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: MTT Assay, Blocking Assay

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Psilocin, the Psychoactive Metabolite of Psilocybin, Modulates Select Neuroimmune Functions of Microglial Cells in a 5-HT 2 Receptor-Dependent Manner

doi: 10.3390/molecules29215084

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of psilocin, 25I-NBOH, and Ro60-0175 on NO production and the viability of BV-2 murine microglia. Varying concentrations of psilocin, 25I-NBOH, or Ro60-0175, shown on the abscissa, were added to BV-2 cells 20 min prior to stimulation with LPS plus IFN-γ. Following a 24 h incubation period, nitrite in cell-free supernatants was quantified by the Griess assay ( A – C ) and cell viability was measured by the MTT assay ( D – F ). The dashed line represents the detection limit of the Griess assay ( A – C ). Data from eight independent experiments completed on different days are shown as means ± SEM. The p and F values displayed in the figures were calculated using randomized block one-way ANOVA. * p < 0.05, determined according to Dunnett’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: The 5-HT 2 R agonists (S)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-propanamine (Ro60-0175; 29520) and 2-((2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamino)methyl)phenol (25I-NBOH; 14909) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Griess Assay, MTT Assay, Blocking Assay

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Psilocin, the Psychoactive Metabolite of Psilocybin, Modulates Select Neuroimmune Functions of Microglial Cells in a 5-HT 2 Receptor-Dependent Manner

doi: 10.3390/molecules29215084

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental conditions used to measure the activation parameters of microglia-like cells.

Article Snippet: The 5-HT 2 R agonists (S)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-propanamine (Ro60-0175; 29520) and 2-((2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamino)methyl)phenol (25I-NBOH; 14909) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Solvent, Activity Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Griess Assay, Functional Assay, MTT Assay

Journal: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Article Title: The mGluR5 ‐mediated Arc activation protects against experimental traumatic brain injury in rats

doi: 10.1111/cns.14695

Figure Lengend Snippet: TBI upregulates Arc expression via mGluR5 in vivo. (A) Western blot and quantification show the increased levels of Arc from 3 to 72 h after TBI in the cortex in rats. (B) Immunostaining with anti‐Arc antibody (red) and anti‐MAP‐2 antibody (green) show the increased levels of Arc in neurons at 12 h after TBI. Scale bar, 50 μm. (C) Western blot and quantification show that TBI upregulated Arc through mGluR5, but not via mGluR1 in vivo. The data were represented as mean ± SEM. # p < 0.05 versus Sham group and * p < 0.05 versus TBI group.

Article Snippet: The mGluR1 antagonist 1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid (AIDA, #A254), the mGluR5 antagonist methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl)‐pyridine (MPEP, #M5435), the mGluR1 agonist (S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG, #D3689), the IP 3 R antagonist xestospongin C (Xes, #X2628), the G i protein inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX, #P7208), the G s protein inhibitor Cholera toxin (CTX, #SAE0069), the G q protein inhibitor 1‐[6‐[[17b‐3‐methoxyestra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐17‐yl]amino]exyl]‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione (U‐73122, #U6756) and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (#SML1135) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Western Blot, Immunostaining

Journal: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Article Title: The mGluR5 ‐mediated Arc activation protects against experimental traumatic brain injury in rats

doi: 10.1111/cns.14695

Figure Lengend Snippet: TNI induces Arc expression via mGluR5 in vitro. (A) Western blot and quantification show the increased levels of Arc from 1 to 6 h after TNI in cultured neurons. (B) Immunostaining with anti‐Arc antibody (red) and anti‐MAP‐2 antibody (green) show the increased levels of Arc in neurons at 6 h after TNI. Scale bar, 50 μm. (C) Western blot and quantification show that TNI upregulated Arc through mGluR5, but not via mGluR1 in vitro. The data were represented as mean ± SEM. # p < 0.05 versus Control group and * p < 0.05 versus TNI group.

Article Snippet: The mGluR1 antagonist 1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid (AIDA, #A254), the mGluR5 antagonist methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl)‐pyridine (MPEP, #M5435), the mGluR1 agonist (S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG, #D3689), the IP 3 R antagonist xestospongin C (Xes, #X2628), the G i protein inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX, #P7208), the G s protein inhibitor Cholera toxin (CTX, #SAE0069), the G q protein inhibitor 1‐[6‐[[17b‐3‐methoxyestra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐17‐yl]amino]exyl]‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione (U‐73122, #U6756) and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (#SML1135) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vitro, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Immunostaining, Control